Hitching an Unbraked Trailer? Here’s What You Must Know

If you’re planning to tow a trailer and it doesn’t have its own braking system, you’re working with what’s called an unbraked trailer. Whether you’re hauling camping gear, moving equipment, or towing a small boat, safely hitching an unbraked trailer to a towing vehicle requires a clear understanding of your vehicle’s limitations, the law, and proper towing procedures.

In this guide, we’ll cover everything you must know before hitting the road with an unbraked trailer—from legal requirements and weight limits to hitching steps, safety tips, and maintenance.

Let’s get started.

What Is an Unbraked Trailer?

An unbraked trailer is a trailer that relies entirely on the towing vehicle’s brakes for stopping. It has no independent braking system. These trailers are usually smaller and lighter (commonly under 1,500 pounds loaded), and are used for short-distance hauls or light-duty purposes.

Common examples include:

• Small utility trailers

• Garden trailers

• Jet ski trailers

• Lightweight cargo trailers

Because they lack their brakes, hitching an unbraked trailer to a towing vehicle involves more responsibility to ensure the safety of both the driver and others on the road.

Is It Legal to Tow an Unbraked Trailer?

Yes—but only under certain conditions. Most U.S. states allow towing unbraked trailers up to a specific weight limit, often around 1,500 to 3,000 pounds Gross Trailer Weight (GTW). Anything heavier usually requires its own braking system by law.

However, rules vary by state, so you should:

• Check your local DMV or DOT website

• Understand weight limits for unbraked trailers

• Know if safety chains or lights are required

For example:

• In California, trailers over 1,500 lbs must have brakes.

• In Texas, trailers over 4,500 lbs must have brakes on all wheels.

Pro Tip: Always stay well below the legal weight limit to ensure smoother braking and better control.

Step-by-Step: How to Hitch an Unbraked Trailer to a Towing Vehicle

Before towing, take the time to do things properly and safely. Here’s a simplified step-by-step guide:

1. Check Weight Ratings

• Confirm that your towing vehicle’s capacity can handle the Gross Trailer Weight (trailer + cargo).

• Look for the tongue weight rating of your hitch and match it accordingly.

2. Inspect the Trailer

• Check the condition of the tires, wheel bearings, lights, and safety chains.

• Ensure the load is secured and evenly distributed.

3. Align the Tow Vehicle and Trailer

• Back up slowly until the trailer’s coupler is directly above the hitch ball.

• Use a spotter or backup camera for better alignment.

4. Lower the Coupler onto the Ball

• Crank the trailer jack until the coupler drops onto the hitch ball.

• Latch the coupler securely and insert the safety pin or lock.

5. Attach Safety Chains

• Cross the safety chains in an X-pattern under the tongue.

• Attach the chains to the vehicle frame, not the hitch itself.

• Leave enough slack for turns, but not so much that they drag.

6. Connect the Wiring

• Plug in the trailer’s light harness to the vehicle’s electrical system.

• Check that brake lights, turn signals, and running lights are all working.

7. Raise the Trailer Jack

• Once everything is connected and secure, crank the trailer jack fully up and out of the way.

8. Do a Final Walkaround

• Double-check coupler security, chains, lights, and load.

• Test the vehicle brakes with the trailer before hitting the road.

Safety Tips When Towing an Unbraked Trailer

Without brakes on the trailer itself, your vehicle will carry all the stopping responsibility. Here are essential tips to stay safe:

✅ Increase Stopping Distance

You’ll need more space to slow down. Start braking sooner and gradually to avoid jerking or loss of control.

✅ Drive Slower Than Usual

Stay below the speed limit (especially on highways). Many towing experts recommend keeping your speed under 55 mph when hauling an unbraked trailer.

✅ Distribute Weight Evenly

Uneven cargo causes sway and instability. Keep about 60% of the load in front of the trailer axle to help control sway.

✅ Avoid Sudden Maneuvers

Steering or braking too sharply can cause the trailer to fishtail. Smooth, gradual actions are key.

✅ Check Tire Pressure (Both Vehicle and Trailer)

Low pressure leads to overheating or blowouts—especially when towing.

✅ Use Towing Mirrors if Needed

If your trailer is wider than your vehicle, add extended side mirrors to improve rear visibility.

Common Mistakes to Avoid When Hitching an Unbraked Trailer

Even seasoned drivers make errors that can lead to dangerous consequences. Don’t fall for these common mistakes:

Maintenance Tips for Towing an Unbraked Trailer

Just because the trailer has no brakes doesn’t mean it’s maintenance-free. Proper upkeep ensures reliability and safety:

🧰 Check Tires Regularly

Inspect for wear, cracks, and proper PSI. Replace old or bald tires.

🧰 Grease the Wheel Bearings

Use high-quality grease to keep wheel hubs cool and reduce friction.

🧰 Clean and Inspect the Hitch Coupler

Rust, dirt, or misalignment can cause a weak connection. Clean and lubricate regularly.

🧰 Check Lights Before Every Trip

Verify that your trailer wiring is intact and all bulbs are working.

🧰 Look for Frame Rust or Damage

A damaged trailer frame can collapse under load. Inspect visually and fix issues early.

When Should You NOT Use an Unbraked Trailer?

While unbraked trailers are handy, they’re not always the best choice. You should avoid using one if:

• You’re towing long distances on highways

• You’re hauling heavy loads near or above 1,500 lbs

• You’ll be going through steep inclines or declines

• You’re driving in wet or icy conditions

• You don’t have a properly rated tow hitch or vehicle

In such cases, a braked trailer offers better safety, especially under hard braking.

Final Thoughts

Towing an unbraked trailer isn’t rocket science—but it does require care, responsibility, and preparation. Before you hitch an unbraked trailer to a towing vehicle, understand the legal rules in your area, evaluate your load, use proper equipment, and always follow safety practices.

With the right setup and habits, you can tow safely, confidently, and efficiently—without putting yourself or others at risk.

FAQs

1. What is the maximum weight I can tow with an unbraked trailer?

This depends on your state’s regulations and your vehicle’s towing capacity. Generally, trailers without brakes should not exceed 1,500 lbs when loaded. Always check your vehicle’s owner’s manual and local laws for limits.

2. Do I need special insurance for towing an unbraked trailer?

In many cases, your auto insurance may extend to the trailer, especially for liability coverage. However, this isn’t always automatic. Contact your insurance provider to confirm and consider adding trailer coverage if you tow regularly.

3. Can I add brakes to an unbraked trailer?

Yes, you can retrofit most trailers with electric or surge brakes if the load demands better control. This is highly recommended if your trailer weight approaches the upper legal limits or if you’re towing in hilly or high-traffic areas.